Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	21
Number of observations	6599
Missing cells	1246
Missing cells (%)	0.9%
Duplicate rows	595
Duplicate rows (%)	9.0%
Total size in memory	1.1 MiB
Average record size in memory	168.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	14
Categorical	7

Alerts

Dataset has 595 (9.0%) duplicate rows	Duplicates
`HomePage` is highly overall correlated with `ProductDescriptionPage_Duration`	High correlation
`HomePage_Duration` is highly overall correlated with `LandingPage` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`LandingPage` is highly overall correlated with `HomePage_Duration` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`LandingPage_Duration` is highly overall correlated with `HomePage_Duration` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`ProductDescriptionPage` is highly overall correlated with `HomePage_Duration` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`ProductDescriptionPage_Duration` is highly overall correlated with `HomePage` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`GoogleMetric:Bounce Rates` is highly overall correlated with `GoogleMetric:Exit Rates`	High correlation
`GoogleMetric:Exit Rates` is highly overall correlated with `GoogleMetric:Bounce Rates`	High correlation
`OS` is highly overall correlated with `SearchEngine` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`SearchEngine` is highly overall correlated with `OS` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`CustomerType` is highly overall correlated with `OS` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`LandingPage_Duration` has 75 (1.1%) missing values	Missing
`GoogleMetric:Bounce Rates` has 66 (1.0%) missing values	Missing
`Type of Traffic` has 68 (1.0%) missing values	Missing
`CustomerType` has 88 (1.3%) missing values	Missing
`Education` has 69 (1.0%) missing values	Missing
`HomePage` has 3152 (47.8%) zeros	Zeros
`HomePage_Duration` has 3222 (48.8%) zeros	Zeros
`LandingPage` has 5166 (78.3%) zeros	Zeros
`LandingPage_Duration` has 5271 (79.9%) zeros	Zeros
`ProductDescriptionPage_Duration` has 398 (6.0%) zeros	Zeros
`GoogleMetric:Bounce Rates` has 2920 (44.2%) zeros	Zeros
`GoogleMetric:Page Values` has 5319 (80.6%) zeros	Zeros
`SeasonalPurchase` has 5858 (88.8%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2023-01-21 18:37:16.539899
Analysis finished	2023-01-21 18:37:48.986481
Duration	32.45 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling vv3.5.0
Download configuration	config.json

HomePage
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	26
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	51
Missing (%)	0.8%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2.2832926

Minimum	0
Maximum	26
Zeros	3152
Zeros (%)	47.8%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	1
Q3	4
95-th percentile	9
Maximum	26
Range	26
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.3453869
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.4651591
Kurtosis	5.2270942
Mean	2.2832926
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	2.0322595
Sum	14951
Variance	11.191613
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=26)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3152	47.8%
1	675	10.2%
2	601	9.1%
3	476	7.2%
4	373	5.7%
5	282	4.3%
6	216	3.3%
7	200	3.0%
8	166	2.5%
9	131	2.0%
Other values (16)	276	4.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3152	47.8%
1	675	10.2%
2	601	9.1%
3	476	7.2%
4	373	5.7%
5	282	4.3%
6	216	3.3%
7	200	3.0%
8	166	2.5%
9	131	2.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
26	1	< 0.1%
24	4	0.1%
23	3	< 0.1%
22	1	< 0.1%
21	2	< 0.1%
20	2	< 0.1%
19	2	< 0.1%
18	9	0.1%
17	6	0.1%
16	15	0.2%

HomePage_Duration
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	1745
Distinct (%)	26.7%
Missing	55
Missing (%)	0.8%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	76.994609

Minimum	0
Maximum	3398.75
Zeros	3222
Zeros (%)	48.8%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	4.875
Q3	91
95-th percentile	335.12917
Maximum	3398.75
Range	3398.75
Interquartile range (IQR)	91

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	168.6797
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.1907988
Kurtosis	63.76094
Mean	76.994609
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4.875
Skewness	6.0446373
Sum	503852.72
Variance	28452.84
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3222	48.8%
5	36	0.5%
4	28	0.4%
6	26	0.4%
7	25	0.4%
15	20	0.3%
21	19	0.3%
14	19	0.3%
20	18	0.3%
11	17	0.3%
Other values (1735)	3114	47.2%
(Missing)	55	0.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3222	48.8%
2	4	0.1%
3	13	0.2%
3.5	2	< 0.1%
4	28	0.4%
4.333333333	1	< 0.1%
4.75	2	< 0.1%
5	36	0.5%
5.384615385	1	< 0.1%
5.5	5	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3398.75	1	< 0.1%
2720.5	1	< 0.1%
2629.253968	1	< 0.1%
2156.166667	1	< 0.1%
1660.3	1	< 0.1%
1652	3	< 0.1%
1640.590909	1	< 0.1%
1592.916667	1	< 0.1%
1561.717567	1	< 0.1%
1559.75	1	< 0.1%

LandingPage
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	15
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	56
Missing (%)	0.8%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.49472719

Minimum	0
Maximum	24
Zeros	5166
Zeros (%)	78.3%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	3
Maximum	24
Range	24
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.2725236
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.5721724
Kurtosis	34.795915
Mean	0.49472719
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	4.4152555
Sum	3237
Variance	1.6193164
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=15)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5166	78.3%
1	539	8.2%
2	408	6.2%
3	186	2.8%
4	112	1.7%
5	47	0.7%
6	38	0.6%
7	19	0.3%
9	10	0.2%
8	8	0.1%
Other values (5)	10	0.2%
(Missing)	56	0.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5166	78.3%
1	539	8.2%
2	408	6.2%
3	186	2.8%
4	112	1.7%
5	47	0.7%
6	38	0.6%
7	19	0.3%
8	8	0.1%
9	10	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
24	1	< 0.1%
16	1	< 0.1%
12	2	< 0.1%
11	2	< 0.1%
10	4	0.1%
9	10	0.2%
8	8	0.1%
7	19	0.3%
6	38	0.6%
5	47	0.7%

LandingPage_Duration
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING
ZEROS

Distinct	667
Distinct (%)	10.2%
Missing	75
Missing (%)	1.1%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	32.90776

Minimum	0
Maximum	2549.375
Zeros	5271
Zeros (%)	79.9%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	186.5
Maximum	2549.375
Range	2549.375
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	134.68331
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.0927524
Kurtosis	86.044213
Mean	32.90776
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	7.8483134
Sum	214690.23
Variance	18139.595
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5271	79.9%
9	19	0.3%
7	16	0.2%
10	16	0.2%
6	15	0.2%
13	13	0.2%
12	12	0.2%
4	12	0.2%
11	12	0.2%
5	11	0.2%
Other values (657)	1127	17.1%
(Missing)	75	1.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5271	79.9%
1	4	0.1%
2	7	0.1%
3	11	0.2%
3.5	1	< 0.1%
4	12	0.2%
5	11	0.2%
5.5	3	< 0.1%
6	15	0.2%
6.333333333	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2549.375	1	< 0.1%
2256.916667	1	< 0.1%
2252.033333	1	< 0.1%
2050.433333	1	< 0.1%
1830.5	1	< 0.1%
1530	1	< 0.1%
1494.5	1	< 0.1%
1475.25	2	< 0.1%
1467	1	< 0.1%
1439	1	< 0.1%

ProductDescriptionPage
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	242
Distinct (%)	3.7%
Missing	58
Missing (%)	0.9%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	30.742088

Minimum	0
Maximum	705
Zeros	27
Zeros (%)	0.4%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	1
Q1	7
median	17
Q3	37
95-th percentile	106
Maximum	705
Range	705
Interquartile range (IQR)	30

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	43.539549
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.4162847
Kurtosis	41.853752
Mean	30.742088
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	12
Skewness	4.8148943
Sum	201084
Variance	1895.6923
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	335	5.1%
2	263	4.0%
5	247	3.7%
3	239	3.6%
7	217	3.3%
4	210	3.2%
8	194	2.9%
6	189	2.9%
11	175	2.7%
10	175	2.7%
Other values (232)	4297	65.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	27	0.4%
1	335	5.1%
2	263	4.0%
3	239	3.6%
4	210	3.2%
5	247	3.7%
6	189	2.9%
7	217	3.3%
8	194	2.9%
9	168	2.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
705	1	< 0.1%
686	2	< 0.1%
534	1	< 0.1%
518	1	< 0.1%
449	1	< 0.1%
397	1	< 0.1%
377	1	< 0.1%
374	1	< 0.1%
358	1	< 0.1%
351	1	< 0.1%

ProductDescriptionPage_Duration
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	4536
Distinct (%)	69.4%
Missing	63
Missing (%)	1.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1151.2311

Minimum	0
Maximum	63973.522
Zeros	398
Zeros (%)	6.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	172.12778
median	570.34161
Q3	1425.75
95-th percentile	4164.0824
Maximum	63973.522
Range	63973.522
Interquartile range (IQR)	1253.6222

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1917.2503
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.6653913
Kurtosis	224.84039
Mean	1151.2311
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	479.34161
Skewness	9.5514826
Sum	7524446.8
Variance	3675848.7
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	398	6.0%
12	14	0.2%
108	13	0.2%
22	12	0.2%
5	11	0.2%
11	10	0.2%
8	9	0.1%
24	9	0.1%
117	9	0.1%
57	9	0.1%
Other values (4526)	6042	91.6%
(Missing)	63	1.0%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	398	6.0%
1	1	< 0.1%
3	3	< 0.1%
4	6	0.1%
5	11	0.2%
6	3	< 0.1%
7	6	0.1%
8	9	0.1%
9	7	0.1%
10	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
63973.52223	1	< 0.1%
43171.23338	1	< 0.1%
23342.08205	2	< 0.1%
18504.12621	1	< 0.1%
16138.2908	2	< 0.1%
14988.59151	1	< 0.1%
14577.08498	1	< 0.1%
14213.63652	1	< 0.1%
13717.40205	1	< 0.1%
13158.66667	1	< 0.1%

GoogleMetric:Bounce Rates
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING
ZEROS

Distinct	1056
Distinct (%)	16.2%
Missing	66
Missing (%)	1.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.022392125

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.2
Zeros	2920
Zeros (%)	44.2%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0.003165468
Q3	0.017777778
95-th percentile	0.2
Maximum	0.2
Range	0.2
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.017777778

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.048373564
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.1602936
Kurtosis	7.6964357
Mean	0.022392125
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.003165468
Skewness	2.9350221
Sum	146.28775
Variance	0.0023400017
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2920	44.2%
0.2	369	5.6%
0.028571429	75	1.1%
0.066666667	73	1.1%
0.04	64	1.0%
0.05	64	1.0%
0.016666667	59	0.9%
0.025	52	0.8%
0.1	51	0.8%
0.0125	47	0.7%
Other values (1046)	2759	41.8%
(Missing)	66	1.0%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2920	44.2%
2.73 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
3.83 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
8.08 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
8.14 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
9.83 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
0.000123762	2	< 0.1%
0.00015674	1	< 0.1%
0.000183655	1	< 0.1%
0.000189394	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.2	369	5.6%
0.18	1	< 0.1%
0.176923077	1	< 0.1%
0.175	1	< 0.1%
0.166666667	1	< 0.1%
0.164230769	1	< 0.1%
0.155555556	2	< 0.1%
0.15	10	0.2%
0.146666667	1	< 0.1%
0.142857143	2	< 0.1%

GoogleMetric:Exit Rates
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	2390
Distinct (%)	36.5%
Missing	51
Missing (%)	0.8%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.043874416

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.2
Zeros	42
Zeros (%)	0.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.0050078565
Q1	0.014542925
median	0.026458438
Q3	0.05
95-th percentile	0.2
Maximum	0.2
Range	0.2
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.035457075

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.048290348
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.1006494
Kurtosis	3.9253359
Mean	0.043874416
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.014718033
Skewness	2.1087999
Sum	287.28968
Variance	0.0023319577
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.2	372	5.6%
0.1	204	3.1%
0.05	182	2.8%
0.033333333	158	2.4%
0.066666667	148	2.2%
0.025	125	1.9%
0.04	115	1.7%
0.016666667	109	1.7%
0.02	96	1.5%
0.028571429	86	1.3%
Other values (2380)	4953	75.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	42	0.6%
0.000409836	2	< 0.1%
0.000446429	1	< 0.1%
0.000468384	1	< 0.1%
0.000505051	2	< 0.1%
0.000544218	2	< 0.1%
0.00070922	1	< 0.1%
0.000732601	1	< 0.1%
0.0008	2	< 0.1%
0.000826446	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.2	372	5.6%
0.192307692	1	< 0.1%
0.186666667	1	< 0.1%
0.183333333	1	< 0.1%
0.181818182	1	< 0.1%
0.18034188	1	< 0.1%
0.18	1	< 0.1%
0.177777778	1	< 0.1%
0.175	5	0.1%
0.16875	1	< 0.1%

GoogleMetric:Page Values
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	1098
Distinct (%)	16.8%
Missing	45
Missing (%)	0.7%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.9821082

Minimum	0
Maximum	361.76374
Zeros	5319
Zeros (%)	80.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	32.666943
Maximum	361.76374
Range	361.76374
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	17.635847
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.5398362
Kurtosis	76.524866
Mean	4.9821082
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	7.0332943
Sum	32652.737
Variance	311.0231
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5319	80.6%
64.4161607	3	< 0.1%
4.495585092	3	< 0.1%
67.39709637	3	< 0.1%
53.988	3	< 0.1%
10.41358118	3	< 0.1%
6.402612903	3	< 0.1%
24.13073118	3	< 0.1%
3.170426459	3	< 0.1%
1.725866353	2	< 0.1%
Other values (1088)	1209	18.3%
(Missing)	45	0.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5319	80.6%
0.038034542	1	< 0.1%
0.067049546	1	< 0.1%
0.093546949	1	< 0.1%
0.120699914	1	< 0.1%
0.129676893	1	< 0.1%
0.139200623	1	< 0.1%
0.150650498	2	< 0.1%
0.152167439	1	< 0.1%
0.154821253	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
361.7637419	1	< 0.1%
261.4912857	1	< 0.1%
258.5498732	2	< 0.1%
239.98	1	< 0.1%
226.6777017	1	< 0.1%
215.0094118	1	< 0.1%
204.0079491	1	< 0.1%
177.7714536	1	< 0.1%
173.4697917	1	< 0.1%
166.3735531	1	< 0.1%

SeasonalPurchase
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	6
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	45
Missing (%)	0.7%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.064296613

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	5858
Zeros (%)	88.8%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	0.6
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.20267756
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.1522277
Kurtosis	9.116994
Mean	0.064296613
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	3.1903735
Sum	421.4
Variance	0.041078194
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=6)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5858	88.8%
0.6	204	3.1%
0.8	187	2.8%
0.4	126	1.9%
0.2	100	1.5%
1	79	1.2%
(Missing)	45	0.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5858	88.8%
0.2	100	1.5%
0.4	126	1.9%
0.6	204	3.1%
0.8	187	2.8%
1	79	1.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	79	1.2%
0.8	187	2.8%
0.6	204	3.1%
0.4	126	1.9%
0.2	100	1.5%
0	5858	88.8%

Month_SeasonalPurchase
Categorical

Distinct	10
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	58
Missing (%)	0.9%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

May	1788
Nov	1574
Mar	1009
Dec	956
Oct	284
Other values (5)	930

Length

Max length	4
Median length	3
Mean length	3.0226265
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	19771
Distinct characters	22
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	Feb
2nd row	Feb
3rd row	Feb
4th row	Feb
5th row	Feb

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
May	1788	27.1%
Nov	1574	23.9%
Mar	1009	15.3%
Dec	956	14.5%
Oct	284	4.3%
Jul	239	3.6%
Sep	220	3.3%
Aug	206	3.1%
June	148	2.2%
Feb	117	1.8%
(Missing)	58	0.9%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
may	1788	27.3%
nov	1574	24.1%
mar	1009	15.4%
dec	956	14.6%
oct	284	4.3%
jul	239	3.7%
sep	220	3.4%
aug	206	3.1%
june	148	2.3%
feb	117	1.8%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
M	2797	14.1%
a	2797	14.1%
y	1788	9.0%
N	1574	8.0%
o	1574	8.0%
v	1574	8.0%
e	1441	7.3%
c	1240	6.3%
r	1009	5.1%
D	956	4.8%
Other values (12)	3021	15.3%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	13230	66.9%
Uppercase Letter	6541	33.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	2797	21.1%
y	1788	13.5%
o	1574	11.9%
v	1574	11.9%
e	1441	10.9%
c	1240	9.4%
r	1009	7.6%
u	593	4.5%
t	284	2.1%
l	239	1.8%
Other values (4)	691	5.2%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
M	2797	42.8%
N	1574	24.1%
D	956	14.6%
J	387	5.9%
O	284	4.3%
S	220	3.4%
A	206	3.1%
F	117	1.8%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	19771	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
M	2797	14.1%
a	2797	14.1%
y	1788	9.0%
N	1574	8.0%
o	1574	8.0%
v	1574	8.0%
e	1441	7.3%
c	1240	6.3%
r	1009	5.1%
D	956	4.8%
Other values (12)	3021	15.3%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	19771	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
M	2797	14.1%
a	2797	14.1%
y	1788	9.0%
N	1574	8.0%
o	1574	8.0%
v	1574	8.0%
e	1441	7.3%
c	1240	6.3%
r	1009	5.1%
D	956	4.8%
Other values (12)	3021	15.3%

OS
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	8
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	62
Missing (%)	0.9%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2.1340064

Minimum	1
Maximum	8
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	2
Q3	3
95-th percentile	3
Maximum	8
Range	7
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.90933974
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.42611856
Kurtosis	9.7533159
Mean	2.1340064
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	1.9579218
Sum	13950
Variance	0.82689877
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=8)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	3454	52.3%
3	1400	21.2%
1	1361	20.6%
4	263	4.0%
8	39	0.6%
6	11	0.2%
5	6	0.1%
7	3	< 0.1%
(Missing)	62	0.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1361	20.6%
2	3454	52.3%
3	1400	21.2%
4	263	4.0%
5	6	0.1%
6	11	0.2%
7	3	< 0.1%
8	39	0.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8	39	0.6%
7	3	< 0.1%
6	11	0.2%
5	6	0.1%
4	263	4.0%
3	1400	21.2%
2	3454	52.3%
1	1361	20.6%

SearchEngine
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	58
Missing (%)	0.9%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2.3577435

Minimum	1
Maximum	13
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	2
Q3	2
95-th percentile	5
Maximum	13
Range	12
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.7213749
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.73009423
Kurtosis	12.619679
Mean	2.3577435
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	3.2473353
Sum	15422
Variance	2.9631315
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=13)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	4266	64.6%
1	1283	19.4%
4	376	5.7%
5	239	3.6%
10	88	1.3%
6	86	1.3%
8	75	1.1%
3	55	0.8%
7	30	0.5%
13	30	0.5%
Other values (3)	13	0.2%
(Missing)	58	0.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1283	19.4%
2	4266	64.6%
3	55	0.8%
4	376	5.7%
5	239	3.6%
6	86	1.3%
7	30	0.5%
8	75	1.1%
9	1	< 0.1%
10	88	1.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
13	30	0.5%
12	6	0.1%
11	6	0.1%
10	88	1.3%
9	1	< 0.1%
8	75	1.1%
7	30	0.5%
6	86	1.3%
5	239	3.6%
4	376	5.7%

Zone
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	9
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	47
Missing (%)	0.7%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.1846764

Minimum	1
Maximum	9
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	3
Q3	4
95-th percentile	8
Maximum	9
Range	8
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.4073281
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.75590978
Kurtosis	-0.20576168
Mean	3.1846764
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	0.95446905
Sum	20866
Variance	5.7952284
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=9)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	2495	37.8%
3	1295	19.6%
4	648	9.8%
2	580	8.8%
6	444	6.7%
7	398	6.0%
9	270	4.1%
8	248	3.8%
5	174	2.6%
(Missing)	47	0.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	2495	37.8%
2	580	8.8%
3	1295	19.6%
4	648	9.8%
5	174	2.6%
6	444	6.7%
7	398	6.0%
8	248	3.8%
9	270	4.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9	270	4.1%
8	248	3.8%
7	398	6.0%
6	444	6.7%
5	174	2.6%
4	648	9.8%
3	1295	19.6%
2	580	8.8%
1	2495	37.8%

Type of Traffic
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	17
Distinct (%)	0.3%
Missing	68
Missing (%)	1.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.0419538

Minimum	1
Maximum	20
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	2
Q3	4
95-th percentile	13
Maximum	20
Range	19
Interquartile range (IQR)	2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.0277465
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.99648505
Kurtosis	3.5991598
Mean	4.0419538
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	1.9894387
Sum	26398
Variance	16.222742
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=17)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	2032	30.8%
1	1349	20.4%
3	1111	16.8%
4	537	8.1%
13	388	5.9%
6	250	3.8%
10	216	3.3%
8	176	2.7%
5	146	2.2%
11	141	2.1%
Other values (7)	185	2.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1349	20.4%
2	2032	30.8%
3	1111	16.8%
4	537	8.1%
5	146	2.2%
6	250	3.8%
7	20	0.3%
8	176	2.7%
9	15	0.2%
10	216	3.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20	106	1.6%
19	12	0.2%
18	5	0.1%
15	20	0.3%
14	7	0.1%
13	388	5.9%
11	141	2.1%
10	216	3.3%
9	15	0.2%
8	176	2.7%

CustomerType
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	88
Missing (%)	1.3%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Returning_Visitor	5585
New_Visitor	891
Other	35

Length

Max length	17
Median length	17
Mean length	16.114422
Min length	5

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	104921
Distinct characters	16
Distinct categories	3 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	Returning_Visitor
2nd row	Returning_Visitor
3rd row	Returning_Visitor
4th row	Returning_Visitor
5th row	Returning_Visitor

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Returning_Visitor	5585	84.6%
New_Visitor	891	13.5%
Other	35	0.5%
(Missing)	88	1.3%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
returning_visitor	5585	85.8%
new_visitor	891	13.7%
other	35	0.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
i	18537	17.7%
t	12096	11.5%
r	12096	11.5%
n	11170	10.6%
e	6511	6.2%
_	6476	6.2%
V	6476	6.2%
s	6476	6.2%
o	6476	6.2%
R	5585	5.3%
Other values (6)	13022	12.4%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	85458	81.4%
Uppercase Letter	12987	12.4%
Connector Punctuation	6476	6.2%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
i	18537	21.7%
t	12096	14.2%
r	12096	14.2%
n	11170	13.1%
e	6511	7.6%
s	6476	7.6%
o	6476	7.6%
u	5585	6.5%
g	5585	6.5%
w	891	1.0%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
V	6476	49.9%
R	5585	43.0%
N	891	6.9%
O	35	0.3%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	6476	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	98445	93.8%
Common	6476	6.2%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
i	18537	18.8%
t	12096	12.3%
r	12096	12.3%
n	11170	11.3%
e	6511	6.6%
V	6476	6.6%
s	6476	6.6%
o	6476	6.6%
R	5585	5.7%
u	5585	5.7%
Other values (5)	7437	7.6%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	6476	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	104921	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
i	18537	17.7%
t	12096	11.5%
r	12096	11.5%
n	11170	10.6%
e	6511	6.2%
_	6476	6.2%
V	6476	6.2%
s	6476	6.2%
o	6476	6.2%
R	5585	5.3%
Other values (6)	13022	12.4%

Gender
Categorical

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	64
Missing (%)	1.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Not Specified	2242
Male	2167
Female	2126

Length

Max length	13
Median length	6
Mean length	7.7383321
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	50570
Distinct characters	16
Distinct categories	3 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	Not Specified
2nd row	Not Specified
3rd row	Female
4th row	Not Specified
5th row	Female

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Not Specified	2242	34.0%
Male	2167	32.8%
Female	2126	32.2%
(Missing)	64	1.0%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
not	2242	25.5%
specified	2242	25.5%
male	2167	24.7%
female	2126	24.2%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	10903	21.6%
i	4484	8.9%
a	4293	8.5%
l	4293	8.5%
N	2242	4.4%
o	2242	4.4%
t	2242	4.4%
	2242	4.4%
S	2242	4.4%
p	2242	4.4%
Other values (6)	13145	26.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	39551	78.2%
Uppercase Letter	8777	17.4%
Space Separator	2242	4.4%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	10903	27.6%
i	4484	11.3%
a	4293	10.9%
l	4293	10.9%
o	2242	5.7%
t	2242	5.7%
p	2242	5.7%
c	2242	5.7%
f	2242	5.7%
d	2242	5.7%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
N	2242	25.5%
S	2242	25.5%
M	2167	24.7%
F	2126	24.2%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	2242	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	48328	95.6%
Common	2242	4.4%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	10903	22.6%
i	4484	9.3%
a	4293	8.9%
l	4293	8.9%
N	2242	4.6%
o	2242	4.6%
t	2242	4.6%
S	2242	4.6%
p	2242	4.6%
c	2242	4.6%
Other values (5)	10903	22.6%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	2242	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	50570	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	10903	21.6%
i	4484	8.9%
a	4293	8.5%
l	4293	8.5%
N	2242	4.4%
o	2242	4.4%
t	2242	4.4%
	2242	4.4%
S	2242	4.4%
p	2242	4.4%
Other values (6)	13145	26.0%

Cookies Setting
Categorical

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	62
Missing (%)	0.9%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Required	2201
ALL	2199
Deny	2137

Length

Max length	8
Median length	4
Mean length	5.0104023
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	32753
Distinct characters	12
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	Deny
2nd row	ALL
3rd row	Required
4th row	Required
5th row	Deny

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Required	2201	33.4%
ALL	2199	33.3%
Deny	2137	32.4%
(Missing)	62	0.9%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
required	2201	33.7%
all	2199	33.6%
deny	2137	32.7%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6539	20.0%
L	4398	13.4%
R	2201	6.7%
q	2201	6.7%
u	2201	6.7%
i	2201	6.7%
r	2201	6.7%
d	2201	6.7%
A	2199	6.7%
D	2137	6.5%
Other values (2)	4274	13.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	21818	66.6%
Uppercase Letter	10935	33.4%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6539	30.0%
q	2201	10.1%
u	2201	10.1%
i	2201	10.1%
r	2201	10.1%
d	2201	10.1%
n	2137	9.8%
y	2137	9.8%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
L	4398	40.2%
R	2201	20.1%
A	2199	20.1%
D	2137	19.5%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	32753	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6539	20.0%
L	4398	13.4%
R	2201	6.7%
q	2201	6.7%
u	2201	6.7%
i	2201	6.7%
r	2201	6.7%
d	2201	6.7%
A	2199	6.7%
D	2137	6.5%
Other values (2)	4274	13.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	32753	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6539	20.0%
L	4398	13.4%
R	2201	6.7%
q	2201	6.7%
u	2201	6.7%
i	2201	6.7%
r	2201	6.7%
d	2201	6.7%
A	2199	6.7%
D	2137	6.5%
Other values (2)	4274	13.0%

Education
Categorical

Distinct	4
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	69
Missing (%)	1.0%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Others	1646
Graduate	1636
Not Specified	1632
Diploma	1616

Length

Max length	13
Median length	8
Mean length	8.4980092
Min length	6

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	55492
Distinct characters	21
Distinct categories	3 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	Not Specified
2nd row	Graduate
3rd row	Diploma
4th row	Graduate
5th row	Others

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Others	1646	24.9%
Graduate	1636	24.8%
Not Specified	1632	24.7%
Diploma	1616	24.5%
(Missing)	69	1.0%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
others	1646	20.2%
graduate	1636	20.0%
not	1632	20.0%
specified	1632	20.0%
diploma	1616	19.8%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6546	11.8%
t	4914	8.9%
a	4888	8.8%
i	4880	8.8%
r	3282	5.9%
d	3268	5.9%
o	3248	5.9%
p	3248	5.9%
O	1646	3.0%
h	1646	3.0%
Other values (11)	17926	32.3%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	45698	82.4%
Uppercase Letter	8162	14.7%
Space Separator	1632	2.9%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6546	14.3%
t	4914	10.8%
a	4888	10.7%
i	4880	10.7%
r	3282	7.2%
d	3268	7.2%
o	3248	7.1%
p	3248	7.1%
h	1646	3.6%
s	1646	3.6%
Other values (5)	8132	17.8%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
O	1646	20.2%
G	1636	20.0%
N	1632	20.0%
S	1632	20.0%
D	1616	19.8%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	1632	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	53860	97.1%
Common	1632	2.9%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6546	12.2%
t	4914	9.1%
a	4888	9.1%
i	4880	9.1%
r	3282	6.1%
d	3268	6.1%
o	3248	6.0%
p	3248	6.0%
O	1646	3.1%
h	1646	3.1%
Other values (10)	16294	30.3%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	1632	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	55492	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6546	11.8%
t	4914	8.9%
a	4888	8.8%
i	4880	8.8%
r	3282	5.9%
d	3268	5.9%
o	3248	5.9%
p	3248	5.9%
O	1646	3.0%
h	1646	3.0%
Other values (11)	17926	32.3%

Marital Status
Categorical

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	47
Missing (%)	0.7%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

Other	2220
Single	2170
Married	2162

Length

Max length	7
Median length	6
Mean length	5.9911477
Min length	5

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	39254
Distinct characters	13
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	Single
2nd row	Married
3rd row	Other
4th row	Other
5th row	Other

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Other	2220	33.6%
Single	2170	32.9%
Married	2162	32.8%
(Missing)	47	0.7%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
other	2220	33.9%
single	2170	33.1%
married	2162	33.0%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6552	16.7%
r	6544	16.7%
i	4332	11.0%
O	2220	5.7%
t	2220	5.7%
h	2220	5.7%
S	2170	5.5%
n	2170	5.5%
g	2170	5.5%
l	2170	5.5%
Other values (3)	6486	16.5%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	32702	83.3%
Uppercase Letter	6552	16.7%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6552	20.0%
r	6544	20.0%
i	4332	13.2%
t	2220	6.8%
h	2220	6.8%
n	2170	6.6%
g	2170	6.6%
l	2170	6.6%
a	2162	6.6%
d	2162	6.6%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
O	2220	33.9%
S	2170	33.1%
M	2162	33.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	39254	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6552	16.7%
r	6544	16.7%
i	4332	11.0%
O	2220	5.7%
t	2220	5.7%
h	2220	5.7%
S	2170	5.5%
n	2170	5.5%
g	2170	5.5%
l	2170	5.5%
Other values (3)	6486	16.5%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	39254	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	6552	16.7%
r	6544	16.7%
i	4332	11.0%
O	2220	5.7%
t	2220	5.7%
h	2220	5.7%
S	2170	5.5%
n	2170	5.5%
g	2170	5.5%
l	2170	5.5%
Other values (3)	6486	16.5%

WeekendPurchase
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	58
Missing (%)	0.9%
Memory size	51.7 KiB

0.0	5050
1.0	1491

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	19623
Distinct characters	3
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0.0
2nd row	0.0
3rd row	0.0
4th row	0.0
5th row	0.0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	5050	76.5%
1.0	1491	22.6%
(Missing)	58	0.9%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	5050	77.2%
1.0	1491	22.8%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11591	59.1%
.	6541	33.3%
1	1491	7.6%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	13082	66.7%
Other Punctuation	6541	33.3%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11591	88.6%
1	1491	11.4%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	6541	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	19623	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11591	59.1%
.	6541	33.3%
1	1491	7.6%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	19623	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11591	59.1%
.	6541	33.3%
1	1491	7.6%

Auto

The auto setting is an interpretable pairwise column metric of the following mapping:

Variable_type-Variable_type : Method, Range
Categorical-Categorical : Cramer's V, [0,1]
Numerical-Categorical : Cramer's V, [0,1] (using a discretized numerical column)
Numerical-Numerical : Spearman's ρ, [-1,1]

The number of bins used in the discretization for the Numerical-Categorical column pair can be changed using config.correlations["auto"].n_bins. The number of bins affects the granularity of the association you wish to measure.

This configuration uses the recommended metric for each pair of columns.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

The correlation heatmap measures nullity correlation: how strongly the presence or absence of one variable affects the presence of another.

First rows
Last rows

	ProductDescriptionPage	ProductDescriptionPage_Duration	GoogleMetric:Bounce Rates	GoogleMetric:Exit Rates	SeasonalPurchase	Month_SeasonalPurchase	OS	SearchEngine	Zone	Type of Traffic	CustomerType	Gender	Cookies Setting	Education	Marital Status	WeekendPurchase
0	1.0	0.000000	0.200000	0.200000	0.0	Feb	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	Returning_Visitor	Not Specified	Deny	Not Specified	Single	0.0
1	2.0	64.000000	0.000000	0.100000	0.0	Feb	2.0	2.0	1.0	2.0	Returning_Visitor	Not Specified	ALL	Graduate	Married	0.0
2	19.0	154.216667	0.015789	0.024561	0.0	Feb	2.0	2.0	1.0	3.0	Returning_Visitor	Female	Required	Diploma	Other	0.0
3	2.0	37.000000	0.000000	0.100000	0.8	Feb	2.0	2.0	2.0	3.0	Returning_Visitor	Not Specified	Required	Graduate	Other	0.0
4	16.0	407.750000	0.018750	0.025833	0.4	Feb	1.0	1.0	4.0	3.0	Returning_Visitor	Female	Deny	Others	Other	0.0
5	3.0	105.000000	0.000000	0.033333	0.0	Feb	3.0	2.0	1.0	5.0	Returning_Visitor	Male	Deny	Diploma	Other	0.0
6	1.0	0.000000	0.200000	0.200000	0.0	Feb	2.0	2.0	4.0	1.0	Returning_Visitor	Female	ALL	Others	Single	1.0
7	4.0	76.000000	0.050000	0.100000	0.0	Feb	1.0	1.0	1.0	3.0	Returning_Visitor	Not Specified	Required	Others	Married	0.0
8	2.0	35.000000	0.000000	0.100000	0.0	Feb	1.0	1.0	6.0	3.0	Returning_Visitor	Female	Deny	Graduate	Other	0.0
9	3.0	78.000000	0.000000	0.066667	0.0	Feb	1.0	2.0	6.0	6.0	Returning_Visitor	Male	ALL	Graduate	Married	1.0

	HomePage	HomePage_Duration	LandingPage	LandingPage_Duration	ProductDescriptionPage	ProductDescriptionPage_Duration	GoogleMetric:Bounce Rates	GoogleMetric:Exit Rates	GoogleMetric:Page Values	SeasonalPurchase	Month_SeasonalPurchase	OS	SearchEngine	Zone	Type of Traffic	CustomerType	Gender	Cookies Setting	Education	Marital Status	WeekendPurchase
6589	5.0	62.000000	0.0	0.00	40.0	737.261905	0.013333	0.028889	0.000000	0.6	May	2.0	2.0	7.0	2.0	Returning_Visitor	Male	Required	Not Specified	Single	0.0
6590	1.0	17.000000	1.0	23.75	62.0	3688.846861	0.016613	0.027151	3.663778	0.0	Dec	3.0	2.0	3.0	1.0	Returning_Visitor	Male	Deny	Graduate	Single	1.0
6591	13.0	295.928571	5.0	17.90	154.0	6759.311928	0.005767	0.028836	0.000000	0.0	Nov	2.0	2.0	3.0	10.0	Returning_Visitor	Male	ALL	Graduate	Other	0.0
6592	0.0	0.000000	0.0	0.00	1.0	0.000000	0.200000	0.200000	0.000000	0.0	Mar	3.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	Returning_Visitor	Not Specified	ALL	Diploma	Other	0.0
6593	5.0	32.000000	2.0	3.00	33.0	1039.766667	0.000000	0.020270	0.000000	0.0	Mar	2.0	4.0	3.0	2.0	Returning_Visitor	Not Specified	Deny	Graduate	Married	1.0
6594	0.0	0.000000	0.0	0.00	7.0	208.000000	0.000000	0.028571	0.000000	0.0	Feb	4.0	1.0	1.0	5.0	Returning_Visitor	Not Specified	Required	Graduate	Other	1.0
6595	0.0	0.000000	3.0	44.00	179.0	1738.472529	0.000027	0.025998	0.000000	0.0	Aug	2.0	4.0	9.0	11.0	Returning_Visitor	Male	Required	Not Specified	Other	0.0
6596	5.0	99.166667	1.0	27.00	33.0	NaN	0.002778	0.009127	0.000000	0.6	May	8.0	5.0	1.0	2.0	Returning_Visitor	Female	Required	Graduate	Married	0.0
6597	0.0	0.000000	0.0	0.00	3.0	9.000000	0.066667	0.133333	0.000000	0.0	May	2.0	2.0	2.0	3.0	Returning_Visitor	Not Specified	Deny	Diploma	Other	1.0
6598	0.0	0.000000	0.0	0.00	6.0	313.000000	0.000000	0.050000	0.000000	0.0	May	2.0	4.0	3.0	1.0	Returning_Visitor	Male	Required	Diploma	Single	0.0

Most frequently occurring

	ProductDescriptionPage	GoogleMetric:Bounce Rates	GoogleMetric:Exit Rates	Month_SeasonalPurchase	OS	SearchEngine	Zone	Type of Traffic	CustomerType	Gender	Cookies Setting	Education	Marital Status	WeekendPurchase	# duplicates
0	1.0	0.2	0.2	Dec	1.0	1.0	1.0	3.0	New_Visitor	Male	Deny	Others	Married	0.0	2
1	1.0	0.2	0.2	Dec	2.0	2.0	1.0	2.0	Returning_Visitor	Not Specified	NaN	Diploma	Other	0.0	2
2	1.0	0.2	0.2	Dec	2.0	2.0	2.0	3.0	Returning_Visitor	Female	Required	Diploma	Single	0.0	2
3	1.0	0.2	0.2	Dec	2.0	4.0	1.0	1.0	Returning_Visitor	Not Specified	Required	Not Specified	Single	1.0	2
4	1.0	0.2	0.2	Dec	3.0	2.0	7.0	1.0	Returning_Visitor	Male	Deny	Diploma	Single	0.0	2
5	1.0	0.2	0.2	Dec	3.0	3.0	1.0	8.0	New_Visitor	Not Specified	Deny	Others	Single	0.0	2
6	1.0	0.2	0.2	Jul	3.0	2.0	1.0	4.0	Returning_Visitor	Male	Deny	Diploma	Other	1.0	2
7	1.0	0.2	0.2	Mar	1.0	1.0	8.0	1.0	Returning_Visitor	Male	ALL	Others	Married	0.0	2
8	1.0	0.2	0.2	Mar	2.0	5.0	1.0	3.0	Returning_Visitor	Female	ALL	Others	Married	0.0	2
9	1.0	0.2	0.2	May	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	Returning_Visitor	Not Specified	Deny	Others	Single	0.0	2

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Common Values (Plot)

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Common Values (Plot)

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Connector Punctuation

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Common Values (Plot)

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Space Separator

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Common Values (Plot)

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Common Values (Plot)

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Space Separator

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length